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Recent studies suggest that the human microbiome (i.e. communities of microbes, their genome content, and interaction with the host) is a source of genetic diversity, a modifier of disease, and an essential component of immunity. Most evidences indicate that the airway microbiome, as well as, the intestinal microbiome, contributes to the pathogenesis of allergy, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Multiple studies show that there are clear links between the development of chronic respiratory diseases and microbiota dysbiosis or decreased bacterial diversity. Although future studies are needed to develop approaches involving integration of predictive metagenomic analyses, host-microbiome interactions need to be investigated within the context of immune maturation and disease development for the treatment and prevention of chronic respiratory diseases, such as, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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